CLAN CARRUTHERS: Of Carruthers Barons, Lords and Lairds.

LORDS AND LAIRDS

Carruthers have been named as ‘Lords’ in fictional literature, but history shows that sadly Carruthers, although members of the minor nobility, never reached into the heights of the Scottish Peerage and therefore cannot claim it as such. As the use or misuse of the titles of peerage is monitored by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, as of course are the arms that accompany such titles, it is also controlled through Crown Statute in Scottish Law.  Therefore, misuse carries its own stiff penalties for anyone abusing the system.

We must recognise that although now one union, the peerage within Scotland developed in a slightly different manner to that of England. As such the ranking of the peerage runs: Monarchy, Dukes, Marquesses, Earls/Countesses, Viscounts and Lords. The highest title Carruthers has ever achieved from the Scottish Crown, were Feudal Barons and/or knights of the realm.

The other difference between Scotland and England regarding titles is that in Scotland they can be passed down the female line.  It is also true that rather than the title falling into abeyance, the laws of Scotland permits inheritance of those of the line, to those born out of wedlock if their parents married after the event, thus bringing legitimacy to the birth.

For clarification, when the title ‘Laird’ is used in Scotland, as it has been in the past, it does not necessarily translate to ‘Lord’ in the noble sense, but rather simply as a landowner of a large and long established estate. A current example would be Carruthers of Dormont, who is recognised as ‘the Laird” of Dormont, but not as a Lord.

In the past, a step up from being considered a laird, would be for the estate to be recognised as a barony (Feudal Barony) as in the case of Mouswald and Holmains. This would only have happened through legal statute and after confirmation or erection through Crown charters. To put it in perspective the listing would be from the bottom up; Gentlemen, Lairds, Barons, Knights, Baronets, none of which are recognised titles within the Scottish Peerage.

However, in the past and occasionally today, what it would have done, is allow a Carruthers holding a Barony ie Mouswald or Holmains to use a chapeau in their arms.

According to the Lord Lyon, the only difference between the Arms of a Feudal Baron and anyone else non-titled is “a helmet befitting their degree”. The helmet is now the chief mode of recognition of a Scottish baron. The Lord Lyon has adopted a steel helm with grille of three bars, garnished in gold, as the current baronial additament. Alternatively, a feudal steel tilting helm garnished in gold, that may be shown affronté (face on) may appear. If the baron also holds a higher rank than baron, such as a lordship of parliament, the appropriate helmet will then be used.

According to Wikipedia, the former Lord Lyon declined to award baronial additaments to the arms of those feudal barons registering arms now that the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 is in force. However, the current Lord Lyon (Joe Morrow-see below), has confirmed in a recent policy statement that he will officially recognise feudal barons or those possessing the dignity of baron who meet certain conditions and will grant them arms with a helmet befitting their degree. Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament; while noble, they are not conventionally considered peerage titles. Unlike others, the titles can be hereditary or bought and sold.

In showing that Scottish barons are titles of nobility, reference may be made, amongst others, to Lyon Court in the Petition of Maclean of Ardgour for a Birthbrieve by Interlocutor dated 26 February 1943 which “Finds and Declares that the Minor Barons of Scotland are, and have both in this Nobiliary Court, and in the Court of Session, been recognised as ‘titled’ nobility, and that the estait of the Baronage (The Barones Minores) is of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland”.

Sir Thomas Innes of Learney (Lord Lyon 1945-1969) in his ‘Scots Heraldry’ (2nd Ed., p. 88, note 1) states that ‘The Act 1672, cap 47, specially qualifies the degrees thus: Nobles (i.e. peers, the term being here used in a restricted seventeenth-century English sense), Barons (i.e. Lairds of baronial fiefs and their “heirs”, who, even if fiefless, are equivalent to heads of Continental baronial houses) and Gentlemen (apparently all other armigers).’ Baronets and knights are evidently classed as ‘Gentlemen’ here, and are of a lower degree than Barons. The Scottish Head of Baronial Houses, includes all the various styles and titles which designate the territorial nobility i.e. Baron of (ie Mouswald).

Barons may also wear two eagle feathers when in traditional dress. If the baron is a member of a clan, it is advisable to consult the clan chief on clan customs and traditions. The Lord Lyon only gives guidance and not governance on the wearing of feathers and recommends consulting with a clan chief.

In the case of our own family the Chief, Peter Carruthers of Holmains would wear three feathers, his son two and all other armigers one, unless designated otherwise by the Chief.

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A BARON

So what is a Baron and where does it originally come from?

Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament, and while noble, are not conventionally considered peerage titles; unlike others, this title can be bought and sold. A Scottish feudal barony is associated with land or an estate and not the Peerage.

Origins of Feudal Baronies 

According to Baronage UK the feudal system was developed in the territories Charlemagne had ruled, and it was brought to Britain through the Norman Conquest. Under feudalism, all land belonged to the King. He grants parts of it to his closest advisers and most powerful warriors, these being known as tenants-in-chief, and they in turn grant parts of their lands to others who could in turn let parts of their holdings. There is thus a chain – King, tenants-in-chief, tenants, sub-tenants.

The basic unit of feudalism in England is the manor, which had existed before the Conquest but was readily absorbed into the feudal system. The Lord of the Manor was a tenant who held it from a superior who might be a baron or earl or even the King. He owed fealty to that superior, and could be summoned to fight for him and to give him counsel. In return, for feudal relationships are reciprocal, the superior would give his tenants, his vassals, the protection of his military power and his law.

In Scotland the geophysical structure of the country militated against centralisation, and baronial power, which over much of the land was integrated successfully into the tribal traditions of the clans, remained strong. Baronies here were erected or confirmed by Crown Charter (an essential element) and held in baroniam, which meant that the legal powers and loyal duties of each baron were clearly defined and understood, as was the succession to their baronies.

As such a Feudal Baron is not entitled to wear a coronet. He or she may be entitled to wear a Cap of Maintenance. A Scottish feudal barony used to be attached to a particular piece of land on which is a building, such as a castle or manor house.

Unlike England’s system of hereditary peerages, which are, in the main, passed down the male line , as stated aboove, Scottish feudal baronies may be passed to any person, of either sex, by inheritance or conveyance.

Sir John Skene in 1597 defined a Scottish baron – “In this Realme he is called ane Barrone quha haldis his landes immediatlie in chiefe of the King and hes power of pit and gallows”. (The pit was a pool for drowning women; the gallows was for men only.) All barons had the duty to attend the King’s court, which was Parliament, and this continued after King James I returned from captivity in England to introduce an English style of peerage, but in 1587 the minor barons, effectively those who did not have peerage titles, were excused their compulsory attendance at Parliament (although they could attend Parliament if they wished).

Scottish feudal barons today are not summoned to Parliament, but their baronies are recognised by virtue of the Crown Charters that erected them. It is important to understand that although a barony was based on the possession of land, it was separate from the land. The Crown Charter that erected the barony (and without which it could not be a barony) always referred to “the lands and barony of ie Carruthers/Mouswald/Holmains.” One part of the land was always nominated as the “head” of the barony, the caput, and until now that has always had to be transferred with the barony for the barony to avoid extinction. As will be explained below, the new legislation has changed this.

A feudal baron who is not a peer uses the style of, for example, “John Smith, Baron of Smithfield” or “John Smith of Smithfield”. His wife is known as “Lady Smithfield”. His status is much misunderstood, especially in England, and in continental Europe there appears to be a tendency to assume that Scottish feudal barons are somehow inferior to those of Germany or France. That this is not so has been admirably demonstrated by Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk.

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Note of Clarification from the Lord Lyon, Dr Joe Morrow, 2015

The Petitioner came to the Lord Lyon with a Petition to be recognised as Lord of the Garioch. He was in possession of an Assignation of the ‘Lordship and Regality of the Garioch’ and that assignation has been registered in the Scottish Barony Register (SBR).

Lyon found that Regalities, although a higher form of barony, had been abolished by the Heritable Jurisdiction Act of 1747. Nevertheless he found that those in possession of a regality, after they were abolished, were still of the genus baron. Lyon’s whole approach to the matter was to look for the law and legal commentary from the Institutional writers.

Lyon finds that feudal lordships, feudal earldoms and feudal marquisates are of the genus barony and the owners of these ‘higher’ feudal titles come within his heraldic jurisdiction.

On the question of recognition it appears that Lyon prefers the approach of recognizing the particular dignity as expressed in the Crown Charter that the petitioner presented to the Custodian of the SBR.

It appears that he takes it a matter of fact that if a Petitioner has a valid assignation of a feudal dignity then the rank of the Petitioner must be that as expressed in the Crown Charter preceding the assignation. Lyon made it very clear that he intended to follow the previous Lyons practice of relying on and endorsing the Custodian’s decision on registration in the SBR.

Lyon has decided that in future the Petitioner’s Recognition will be in the following terms:

“By Deed of Assignation recorded in the Scottish Barony Register, the Petitioner holds the Barony/Lordship/Earldom or Marquisate of X being of the genus Barony, which ownership brings the Petitioner within the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms”.

Lyon has confirmed that he does not intend to make further alteration to the arms that are granted to those with feudal dignities.

This Note ends the uncertainties of recent years and allows potential purchasers of Scottish feudal titles the comfort of knowing exactly what the Lyon Court policy is in relation to feudal titles.

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Therefore, again to clarify, there has never been a Lord Carruthers, in the true sense of the word and of course no Scottish title of Peerage can be purchased on line, which includes that of Lord or Lady as sold with a very small pieve of land for commewrcoal purposes.

Below is a list of Scottish baronies prior to the Union of the Crowns, note: as Mouswald was deemed extinct after 1548, it is not included in the list.

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List of Feudal Baronies (created before 1707).  

Only those currently held, are listed in the Registry of Scots Nobility which is used by the Lord Lyon as a reference. (NB not Peerage).

Barony	County	Created	Baron	Succeeded
Abbotshall	Fife		Harold Peerenboom
Abergeldie	Aberdeenshire		John Gordon	1963
Abernethy	Perthshire		Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz	2008
Aboyne	Aberdeenshire	1660	Granville, 13th Marquess of Huntly
Aden	Aberdeenshire	1333	Alexander Russell of Aden	2015
Aiket	Ayrshire
Alford
Alforshire			Charles A. Cogdill
Anstruther & Balcaskie			Sir Ralph Anstruther
Arbroath	Angus		Alan Bartlett of Arbroath
Ardblair & Gask	Perthshire		Laurence Oliphant	1979
Ardgour	Argyllshire		Giancarlo Bonifazi	1998
Ardgowan	Renfrewshire		Professor Stephen Kerr
Ardrossan	Ayrshire	1357	Hugh, 19th Earl of Eglinton, 7th Earl of Winton	2018
Ardgrain	Aberdeenshire		Pepijn Oscar Hendriks	2013
Ardoch	Dumbarton		Professor Thomas Mackay	1987
Arndilly	Morayshire		David Menzies of Arndilly
Arnisdale	Ross and Cromarty		William Paterson of Arnisdale
Arnot	Fife	16th century	Willem C. G. Blanken
Arran	Ayrshire		Willi Ernst Sturzenegger	1995
Auchendarroch	Argyllshire		Keir Campbell of Auchendarroch
Auchindoir	Aberdeenshire		Alisdair Barlas of Auchindoir
Auchinleck	Ayrshire		Valentine Bennett of Auchinleck
Auchmacoy	Aberdeenshire		David Buchan of Auchmacoy
Auchtermunzie	Fife	1437	Fernando Gutierrez-Eddy of Auchtermunzie	2002
Auchterutherstruther	Fife		Abigail Busch Reisinger	2004
Auchreoch	Perthshire		Martin Cruikshank	1976
Ayton	Berwickshire		Ian Liddell-Grainger	2007
Badenscoth	Aberdeen	1823	Kevin Peng Xu	2019
Balcaskie	Fife		Major Timothy Strange
Baldoon	Wigtownshire		Christopher Busch Reisinger
Balfluig	Aberdeenshire		Mark Tennant of Balfluig
Ballencrieff	East Lothian		Moray James Nairn	2011
Ballencrieff	West Lothian		Junaid Abbas Bhatti
Ballindalloch	Banffshire		Clare Russell, Lady of Ballindalloch
Ballumbie	Angus		Robert Williamson of Ballumbie	1997
Balmore (also known as Dalmore)	Dunbartonshire	1478
Balquhain	Aberdeenshire		Nelson Lee Len Ying	1995
Balvaird	Perthshire	1624	Brady Brim-DeForest	2017
Balvenie	Banffshire		Jeremy Nicholson of Balvenie	2009
Banchory	Kincardineshire		Kenneth Lumsden of Banchory
Bannockburn	Stirlingshire	Early 14th century	Hope Vere Anderson of Bannockburn	2016
Barnbarroch			James Vans of Barnbarroch
Barnis Forbes	Aberdeenshire		Daphne Romy, Lady of Barnis Forbes
Barnton	Edinburgh		Professor Markus Frank	2016
Barra	Invernessshire		Roderick MacNeil of Barra	2010
Bathgate
Bearcrofts	Stirling	1697	Charles A. Cree	2011
Beauly
Belton	East Lothian	Before 1468	Ian Graham Rennie	2002
Bedrule	Berwickshire		Wallace Turnbull of Bedrule	2015
Biggar	Lanarkshire		Charles Ross of Biggar
Benholm	Kincardine		Roderick Strachan of Benholm
Blackburn			Professor Ranjit Chandra
Blackford	Perthshire		Richard Welkowitz	1999
Blackhall	Renfrewshire	1395	Robert Gillespie OBE	2002
Blair			Alfred Glenn of Blair	1997
Blairbuis			Timothy Busch Reisinger
Bognie, Mountblairy & Frendraught	Banffshire		Alexander Morison of Bognie
Bombie	Kirkcudbrightshire		Professor Barrie Pettman
Botile (Buittle)	Kirkcudbrightshire	1315
Braemar	Royal Deeside	10th Century	John Sullivan of Braemar	2004
Brigton	Angus	1761	Marion Douglas, Lady of Brigton	1938
Buchan Forest	Kirkcudbrightshire		Timothy Busch Reisinger
Buncle and Preston	Berwickshire		Olivier Fuchs
Buquhollie & Freswick	Caithness		Ivor John Spencer-Thomas of Buquhollie & Freswick
Busbye	Wigtownshire	Early 16th century
Byres	East Lothian	1366	Paul Kayley of Byres, Baron of Byres	2003
Calder	West Lothian	14th century	James, 15th Lord Torphichen	1975
Cambusnethan	Lanarkshire	1315	Terence Alvis of Lee	1988
Carmichael	Lanarkshire		Richard Carmichael
Carnoustie	Angus		James Langan of Carnoustie
Carnysmul Carnysmule Carnymul Carnesmole Carnysmolle (Kirkinner)	Wigtownshire	1372
Carstairs	Lanarkshire		Christopher Busch Reisinger
Cartsburn	Renfrewshire	1669	Dr. Pier Felice degli Uberti	2010
Castlehill	Inverness	1411	Simon Frasier, Lord Lovat	2018
Castle Stewart
Cavers, Scotland	Roxburgh	16th Century	Prof. Andre Douglas Nathaniel-Rock	2004
Chirnside	Berwickshire
Clackmannan	Clackmannanshire	1334
Clary			Hope Reisinger Cobera
Cleghorn	Lanarkshire		Andrew Macmillan of Cleghorn
Clerkington	Haddington	1369-1406
Closeburn	Dumfriesshire		Luis Kirkpatrick
Clugstoun Clugistoun	Wigtownshire	Before 1471
Cluny	Aberdeenshire		Cosmo Linzee Gordon of Cluny	2010
Cluny	Fife		Stuart Crane of Cluny	1997
Cockburn	Berwickshire		Olivier Fuchs	2008
Cockenzie			Robert Garrison of Cockenzie
Coigach	Wester Ross	1511	Christopher Devonshire-Ellis	2011
Coldingham	Berwickshire		Dr Peter Leando	2012
Coldingknows (see Cowdenknowes)	Roxburgh	1634	Mark Harden of Coldingknows
Coll-Earn & Elphinstone	Stirlingshire		Bailey McCune	1988
Colstoun	East Lothian		Ludovic Broun-Lindsay
Corrachree	Aberdeenshire		Alexander Barlas of Corrachree
Corsewall			Timothy Busch Reisinger
Corstorphine		1431	Michael Milne of Corstorphine	2005
Cowdenknowes	Roxburgh	1634	Mark Harden of Cowdenknowes	2002
Cowie	Aberdeenshire
Cowie	Stirlingshire	1563	Professor Alan Dennis	2020
Coxton	Morayshire	1686	Sir David Innes
Craichlaw Crachlew Crauchlew Crachlow Craichlew Craichlo	Wigtownshire	Before 1459
Craighall	Fife		Roger Alexander Lindsay
Craigie	Angus (Forfar)	1666	Rabbi Robert Thomas	2011
Craigievar	Aberdeenshire		Sir John Alexander Forbes
Craigmillar	Edinburgh	1511	Captain Brian Lawrence Williamson
Crawford	Fife
Crichton	Midlothian		Henry Burn-Callander
Crimond	Aberdeenshire		Raymond Carnegie of Crimond
Cromar	Aberdeenshire
Cromarty	Cromartyshire		John Nightingale of Cromarty
Crommey	Banffshire		Michael Innes	1978
Cruggleton Crigitoun	Wigtownshire	Before 1325
Culbin	Morayshire		William Busch Reisinger
Cumbernauld	Lanarkshire	1314
Cushnie	Aberdeenshire		Alan Robertson of Cushnie	2004
Dairsie	Fife		Christopher Ruffle of Dairsie
Danira and Comrie
Delvine	Perthshire	15th century	Dr Lars J C Lindberg	2008
Denboig	Fife	1657	Kenneth MacLean of Denboig
Denny	Stirlingshire	16th century	Alessandro Pompili	2011
Dinnet	Aberdeenshire		J. M. Marcus Humphrey
Dirleton	East Lothian	1220	Camilo Agasim-Pereira	2000
Dolphinstoun	East Lothian	Before 1700	Dr Julian Wills	2000
Drum	Kincardineshire	1323	Alexander Irvine of Drum	2019
Drylaw	Edinburgh
Duart & Morvern	Argyll	1631	Sir Lachlan MacLean	1990
Dudhope	Angus	1542
Dunconnel	Argyll	1400	Sir Charles MacLean
Duncrub	Perthshire		Douglas Smith of Duncrub
Dunure	Ayrshire		Brendan Clouston of Dunure	1997
Earlshall	Fife		Lt Col Paul Veenhuijzen
Echlin	Edinburgh		Rainer Kensy	2002
Edingight	Banffshire		John Innes of Edingight
Elie & St Monans	Fife
Esslemont	Aberdeenshire		Charles Wolrige-Gordon	1976
Eyemouth	Berwickshire		John Churchill of Eyemouth	1682
Fairholm & Kirkton	Lanarkshire		James Stevenson-Hamilton
Fetternear	Aberdeenshire		Martin Thacker of Fetternear	2001
Fingalton	Renfrewshire	1663	James Hawley of Fingalton	2017
Finlaystone Maxwell	Renfrewshire		Nicholas Frederic Papanicolaou
Finzean	Kincardineshire		Donald Farquharson of Finzean
Fordell	Fife	1511
Freuch	Wigtownshire	1559
Fulwood	Renfrewshire	1314	Camilo Agasim-Pereira	1999
Gala	Selkirkshire		John Scott of Gala
Garioch	Aberdeenshire	12th century	George David Menking	2012
Garlies	Kirkcudbrightshire	1263	Timothy Busch Reisinger
Garrallan	Ayrshire		John Boswell of Garrallan
Garthland	Wigtownshire	Before 1637
Gartly	Aberdeenshire		David James of Gartley
Gartmore	Stirling		William Graham of Gartmore	1996
Giffen	Ayrshire	1371	Ryan Montgomery	1987
Glasserton	Wigtownshire	1542
Glencammon			Timothy Busch Reisinger
Glencoe	Argyll		Forde
Glenfalloch	Perthshire		Richard Andrew Leslie
Glengarnock	Ayrshire		Robert MacGregor of Glengarnock
Glenluce	Wigtownshire	Before 1628
Gogar	Midlothian		Godfrey Devlin of Gogar
Gourdie	Perthshire		George Cox of Gourdie
Gourock	Renfrewshire		Claire Darroch-Thompson, Lady of Gourock	2011
Gordon Easter or Gordoun	Berwickshire	1150	Morange Michel
Grandhome	Aberdeenshire		David Paton of Grandholme
Grantully	Perthshire		Henry Fothringham
Greenan	Ayrshire		Hope Reisinger Cobera
Greenock	Renfrewshire		Harry Sandberg of Greenock
Greenock and Blackhall	Renfrewshire		Sir Ludovic Houston Shaw Stewart, 12th Baronet [NB not Baron of G and B]
Grougar	Ayrshire	1321	David McLean of Grougar
Hailes	East Lothian	1343	S.A. Malin of Hailes	2008
Haliburton and Lambden	Berwickshire		Col (Rt’d) Lance Miller	2016
Hallrule	Roxburghshire		Olivier Fuchs
Hallyards	Edinburgh
Halydean	Roxburghshire	1128	Taylor Moffitt of Halydean
* Holmains	Dumfriesshire	1542
Horsbrugh	Peeblesshire		Michael Chenery of Horsbrugh	1995
Houston	Renfrewshire	Before 1296	Johnny Sei Hoe Hon	2016
Inchdrewer	Banffshire		Olga Roh	2014
Inche	Wigtownshire	Before 1528
Innermessan or Invermessan	Wigtownshire	Before 1566
Innerwick	East Lothian		Victor Cowley of Innerwick
Inneryne	Argyllshire		Ronald Busch Reisinger	1998
Innes	Morayshire		James Mitchell of Innes	2004
Jedburgh Forest	Roxburghshire	1602	Richard Miller of Jedburgh Forest	2010
Kelly	Aberdeenshire		Bruce Kneller, Baron of Kelly	2004
Kemnay	Aberdeenshire		Susan Burnett, Lady of Kemnay	1978
Kersland
Kilbernie
Kilcoy	Ross-shire	16th Century	Mark David Menking	2012
Kilmarnock	Ayrshire	1316
Kilmichael	Argyll	1541	Brooke Owen-Thomas of Kilmichael
Kilmun	Argyll		Brooke Owen-Thomas of Kilmun
Kilpunt
Kilmaurs
Kincaid			Heather Kincaid, Lady of Kincaid
Kincraig	Fife		James Gourlay of Kincraig
Kinghilt Kinhilt Kenhilt Kilhilt	Wigtownshire	Before 1632
Kinnairdy	Banffshire		Colin Innes of Kinnairdy	1990
Kinnear			Michael Pilette of Kinnear
Kippenross	Stirlingshire		Susan Stirling-Aird, Lady of Kippenross
Kirkbuddo	Angus	1463	Jean-Yves de Sainte-Croix de La Sabliere	2011
Kirkdale	Wigtownshire		Ramsey Hannay of Kirkdale
Kirkintilloch	East Dunbartonshire			1184
Kirkliston	West Lothian	1618	Andor László Oleg Vilmos v. Jaross	2002
Kirriemuir	Angus	1390	Gerhard Anderson	2014
Kirknewton	Midlothian		Diana Hargreaves, Lady of Kirknewton	1992
Krawfort	Lanarkshire	1576
Lag	Dumfriesshire	1685	Margaret Hamilton, Lady of Lag	2004
Lambden (also known as Hassington)	Berwickshire		Col (Rt’d) Lance Miller	2016
Lamberton, Berwick	Berwickshire	Before 1236
Largo	Fife		Timothy Wood of Largo	2011
Lathallan	Fife		Jean Spens of Lathallan	1995
Lee	Lanarkshire	1272	Addison McElroy Fischer	2004
Lenzie	East Dunbartonshire	1170
Lescure			Ross McPherson-Smith
Leslie	Aberdeenshire		John Andrea	2019
Leswalt (now Lochnaw)	Wigtownshire	Before 1426	Dr Gordon Prestoungrange	2004
Lethendy	Perthshire		Charles Gairdner of Lethendy
Leys	Aberdeenshire		James Burnett of Leys
Liberton (or Over Liberton)	Midlothian		Olivier Fuchs	2009
Lochfergus			Albert Gazeley of Lochfergus
The Superiority of the Lands of Lochlands	Aberdeenshire
Loch Mullion	Perthshire	Before 1700	William Anderson of Loch Mullion	2000
Lochnaw (see Leswalt)	Wigtownshire	1699	Dr Gordon Prestoungrange	2004
Lochrounell	Wigtownshire	Before 1630
Logany	Kincardineshire	Before 1576	Hunter Prater	2000
Loncastell	Wigtownshire	Before 1551
Loudoun	Ayrshire
Lundie	Angus	1489	Craig Ward	2017
Marchmont	Berwickshire		Roland Eugen Staehli	1996
MacDonald	Skye
MacDougall	Arglye	1660	George Dougall of MacDougall	2006
MacDuff	Fife	1039	James Mark Domesek of MacDuff
Martyn-Kennedy alias Frethrid	Wigtownshire	Before 1541
Mearns	Renfrewshire	12th century	David Thorpe of Mearns	2002
Melfort	Argyll		Hugh Campbell-Gibson	1360s
Menie	Aberdeenshire	1317	Michael Woodley of Menie	1995
Mertoun	Wigtownshire	1504
Midmar	Aberdeenshire		Richard Wharton of Midmar
Miltonhaven (formerly Lauriston)	Kincardineshire	1695	Dorothy Newlands of Lauriston	2017
Mochrum	Wigtownshire	Before 1472
Montgomeriestoun	Wigtownshire	Before 1636
Mordington	Berwickshire	1124-53	Graham Senior-Milne	1998
Mouswald	Dumfriesshire	1452
Moy	Argyll		Lorne MacLaine of Moy
Muirton	Morayshire	1532	Dr Richard Culbert	2019
Mullion	Perthshire	1446	Faith Seale QC	2019
Mureth	Wigtownshire	Before 1514
Myrton	Wigtownshire	Before 1470	Professor Mark Watson-Gandy
Newton	Stirlingshire	1685	Philip Pickering of Newton
Ochtercoull
Ormiston	East Lothian	1637	Brian Parsons of Ormiston	2003
Peaston (or Paistoun)	East Lothian		Robert Jackson of Paistoun	2003
Penicuik	Midlothian		Sir John Dutton Clerk
Pentland	Midlothian	1316	Lt Cmdr Christopher Saint Victor de Pinho	2018
Phantelane	Argyll	1436	Capt. David N. B. McCorquodale	2010
Pitcaple	Aberdeenshire		Christopher Burges-Lumsden
Pitcruivie	Fife		Douglas Wagland of Pitcruivie	1996
Pitmilly	Fife		Peter Gybbon-Monypenny	1987
Pittenweem	Fife	1592	Claes Zangenberg	2011
Plean	Stirlingshire		George Way	1985
Plenderleith	Roxburghshire	1306	Clifford Dewey Michael Paul Harmon II	2007
Pluscarden
Porterfield
Portlethen	Kincardineshire		Maurice Taylor of Portlethen
Portrie	Wigtownshire	Before 1636
Preston and Prestonpans	East Lothian	1460	Robert McLean of Preston & Prestonpans
Prestoungrange	East Lothian	1189	Mathew Wills of Prestongrange	2004
Primside and House Site	Roxburghshire
Quhithorne or Whithorn	Wigtownshire	Before 1569
Rachane	Argyllshire		Michael Aquino
Ramshead	Ayrshire	1371	Ryan Montgomery	1987
Rannoch	Perthshire	1502
Rattray	Perthshire		Philip Cumyn of Rattray
Ravenstone	Wigtownshire		Frank Renwick of Ravenstone	1983
Remistoun	Wigtownshire	Before 1540
Renfrew	Renfrewshire	1398	The Duke of Rothesay	1952
Restalrig	Edinburgh
Robertland	Ayrshire	1539	Brian Parsons of Robertland	2005
Rossie	Fife		John Elephant of Rossie
Ruchlaw	East Lothian
Rusco	Kirkcudbrightshire		Robert Carson of Rusco
Saint Monance / Monans	Fife	1596	Dr Robert Parviz Pirooz of Saint Monance QC	2014
Saulsait Saulset	Wigtownshire	Before 1629
Seybeggis or Seabegs	Stirlingshire	15th century	George M. Burden	2014
Seggieden	Perthshire		Trond U. Hegle
Smeaton Hepburn	East Lothian		George Gray of Smeaton Hepburn
Stane	Ayrshire	1371	Ryan Montgomery	1987
Stobo	Peeblesshire	1140	The Much Hon. William Jolly
Stonehaven	Aberdeenshire		Fraser Angus Oliver Mearns of Stonehaven
Stoneywood	Aberdeenshire		Charles Mack of Stoneywood	2000
Strathdee	Aberdeenshire	1563
Strathlachlan	Argyll		Euan MacLachlan of Strathlachlan
Strichen	Aberdeenshire	1515	Massimo Fraser of Strichen	2000
Struan	Perthshire		Alexander Robertson	1983
Swinton	Berwickshire	1098	James Swinton
Teallach			Dennistoun Teall of Teallach
Thainstone	Aberdeenshire	1488	David Valentine	2017
Tranent	East Lothian		Hugh, 19th Earl of Eglinton, 7th Earl of Winton
Traquair	Peeblesshire	1491	Catherine Maxwell-Stuart, 21st Lady of Traquair
Trearne	Ayrshire	1371	Ryan Montgomery	1987
Trent			Charles A. Cogdill	2002
Troup	Banffshire
Tulloch	Ross and Cromarty	1542	David Willien
Urquhart	Inverness-shire	1230
Urquhart	Morayshire	1587	Robert A. Cromartie	2004
Twynehame	Kirkcudbrightshire		Delyse Sharpe of Twynehame	1992
Wells	Roxburghshire		Bryce Lee West	2009
Westside
Wigtoun	Lanarkshire	1606
Wormiston	Fife		Michael Spens	1970
Yair	Selkirk	1806	Li Li	2019
Yeochrie	Aberdeenshire		Richard Stuart of Yeochrie

NB As the Lord Lyon King of Arms retains jurisdiction over the recognition of titles through the individual’s right to bear the arms of that designation, all judicial processes and advice remains in Scotland. As such the Lyon would not assign an advocate to any individual nor group of individuals wishing to; petition him, use a title, set up a clan gathering to choose a Chief not under his direct supervision and most certainly not external to Scotland and the Scottish legal process, as this is not within his remit.

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